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The Gender Analysis of Land Fragmentation among Farming Households in Saki-East Local Government Area Oyo State, Nigeria
Corresponding Author(s) : Muibat Omolara Ganiyu
Sustainability Science and Resources, Vol. 9 (2025): Sustainable Science and Resources
Abstract
Land fragmentation is still incessant among smallholder farmers in Nigeria and its unwarranted practice creates a gap in cropland productivity. Perhaps, the issue of gender inequality instigates fragmentation of agricultural lands as against land consolidation policy, its considerably a further research concern. In view of this, the current research investigates the gendered effect of land fragmentation among farming households in Saki-East Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria. Primary data were collected from 110 farmers consisted of 55 each of men and women respondents with designed questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, Simpson index and fractional logit regression were analytical techniques.
The analysis showed that the mean age was 52.85 and 49.65years, the farm experience of 22.13 and 17.89 years and on-farm income of N5405000 and N1264619 for both sexes respectively. The spatial farm distance was found to be 5.09 and 4.49km2, while farm size cultivated was 4.29 and 2.14 hectares on the average for male and female rural households. Majority of men acquired farms through rented land while most women relied on inherited lands for farming. A Simpson index of 0.332 and 0.446 derived from men and women data respectively explained the extent of land fragmentation within farming households.
Fractional logit regression revealed that land fragmentation is exogenously determined by on-farm income, cost of land preparation, land rent, land tenure security and the location of farm sites in case of males. However, only cost of land preparation and land rented significantly driven fragmentation of agricultural land among female counterparts. Also, the statistical t-test signified a variance in means between the two groups. It was recommended that the investments on land should be incentives for smallholder farmers to lessen fragmentation of holdings and also land tenure patterns should be reformed for aggregation of all small parcels into a large holding as well as a productive land use.
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- Ayoola J.B, Dzever D.D, Abu G.A, Biam C.K, Ayoola G.B and Sani R.M (2022). Factors affecting land fragmentation and willingness to exchange land among rice farmers in Gombe and Borno States. European Journal of Agriculture and Food Science 4(6) 62-71.
- Adegbite, O (2021). "Resources and Opportunities for Competitive Industrial Systems in Nigeria’s Agro-allied and Forest–based Industries," Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development, in: Perspectives on Industrial Development in Nigeria, chapter 0, pages 105-152, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-84375-5_5
- Ciaian, P., Guri, F., Rajcaniova, M., Drabik, D., Paloma, S.G. (2018). Land fragmentation and production diversification: A case study from rural Albania. Land Use Policy 2018, 76, 589– 599.
- Deininger. K, Monchuk. D, Nagarajan, H. K. and Singh, S. K. (2017). Does Land Fragmentation Increase the Cost of Cultivation? Evidence from India. The Journal of Development Studies, 53(1), pp. 82-98.
- Harrington, A., and Chopra, T. (2010). Denying Kenya’s women access to land rights. Justice for the poor research report, (2).
- IFAD (2017). Gender Equality and Women's Empowerment in Rural Areas. International Fund for Agricultural Development.
- King, R. and Burton, S. (1982). Land fragmentation: Notes on a fundamental rural spatial problem. Progr. Hum. Geogr. 6(4), pp. 475-494. 162
- Knippenberg, E., Jolliffe, D., and Hoddinott, J. (2020). Land fragmentation and food insecurity in Ethiopia. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 102(5), 1557-1577.
- Mamun, M. (2021). Farmers' Perception Towards Harmful Effects of Land Fragmentation on Crop Productivity.
- Mwendwa B.K, Mugalavai E.M and China, S.S (2024). Assessing the Impact of Land Fragmentation on Agricultural Productivity and Rural Development in Vihiga County, Kenya. 5(3) 2024, pp. 1339-1350 African Journal of Empirical Research https://ajernet.net ISSN 2709-2607
- Nwandu, P. I. (2022). Gender Analysis of Rural Small-Scale Arable Crop Farming in Delta State, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, 2(2), 12-20.
- Obayelu, A. E., Afolami, C. A., and Adegbola, A. T. (2019). The impact of land fragmentation on agricultural productivity in Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Agricultural Economics, 12(1), 123-139.
- Otaha I. J, (2013). Food Insecurity in Nigeria: Way Forward. An International Multidisciplinary Journal, Ethiopia Vol. 7 (4), Serial No. 31, September, 2013:26-35 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/afrrev.7i4.2
- Oyebanjo, M, Adesoji C. Ologbon, Omolara M. Dada Effect of Land Fragmentation and Socioeconomic Factors on Food Crop Productivity in Ogun State, Nigeria Euro-economical Issue 1(42)/2023 156-163
- Phan, N.T, Lee, J.Y., Kien, N.D. (2022). The Impact of Land Fragmentation in Rice Production on Household Food Insecurity in Vietnam. Sustainability 2022, 14, 11162. https://doi.org/10.3390/ su141811162
- Rakhshanda, K.. M, Sohail, A. M, Raza. U, Aqeela, Saghir; Sohaib, Usman and Tahira, Sadaf (2020). Empirical Investigation of Impact of Land Fragmentation on Crop Productivity in Punjab, Pakistan, 36(1), pp. 217- 223.
- Simmons, A. J. (1964). An Index of Farm Structure, with a Nottinghamshire Example. East Midlands Geogr. 3, pp. 255-261.
- Singh, K. (2018). Land fragmentation, household characteristics, and agricultural productivity. Tran, T. Q. and Van Vu, H. (2019). Land fragmentation and household income: First evidence
- from rural Vietnam. Land use policy, 89, 104247.
- UN Women (2020). Women's Land Rights and Gender Equality. United Nations Entity for
- Gender.
- World Bank, FAO, and IFAD, (2009). Gender in Agriculture. Agriculture and Rural Development.
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References
Ayoola J.B, Dzever D.D, Abu G.A, Biam C.K, Ayoola G.B and Sani R.M (2022). Factors affecting land fragmentation and willingness to exchange land among rice farmers in Gombe and Borno States. European Journal of Agriculture and Food Science 4(6) 62-71.
Adegbite, O (2021). "Resources and Opportunities for Competitive Industrial Systems in Nigeria’s Agro-allied and Forest–based Industries," Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development, in: Perspectives on Industrial Development in Nigeria, chapter 0, pages 105-152, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-84375-5_5
Ciaian, P., Guri, F., Rajcaniova, M., Drabik, D., Paloma, S.G. (2018). Land fragmentation and production diversification: A case study from rural Albania. Land Use Policy 2018, 76, 589– 599.
Deininger. K, Monchuk. D, Nagarajan, H. K. and Singh, S. K. (2017). Does Land Fragmentation Increase the Cost of Cultivation? Evidence from India. The Journal of Development Studies, 53(1), pp. 82-98.
Harrington, A., and Chopra, T. (2010). Denying Kenya’s women access to land rights. Justice for the poor research report, (2).
IFAD (2017). Gender Equality and Women's Empowerment in Rural Areas. International Fund for Agricultural Development.
King, R. and Burton, S. (1982). Land fragmentation: Notes on a fundamental rural spatial problem. Progr. Hum. Geogr. 6(4), pp. 475-494. 162
Knippenberg, E., Jolliffe, D., and Hoddinott, J. (2020). Land fragmentation and food insecurity in Ethiopia. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 102(5), 1557-1577.
Mamun, M. (2021). Farmers' Perception Towards Harmful Effects of Land Fragmentation on Crop Productivity.
Mwendwa B.K, Mugalavai E.M and China, S.S (2024). Assessing the Impact of Land Fragmentation on Agricultural Productivity and Rural Development in Vihiga County, Kenya. 5(3) 2024, pp. 1339-1350 African Journal of Empirical Research https://ajernet.net ISSN 2709-2607
Nwandu, P. I. (2022). Gender Analysis of Rural Small-Scale Arable Crop Farming in Delta State, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, 2(2), 12-20.
Obayelu, A. E., Afolami, C. A., and Adegbola, A. T. (2019). The impact of land fragmentation on agricultural productivity in Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Agricultural Economics, 12(1), 123-139.
Otaha I. J, (2013). Food Insecurity in Nigeria: Way Forward. An International Multidisciplinary Journal, Ethiopia Vol. 7 (4), Serial No. 31, September, 2013:26-35 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/afrrev.7i4.2
Oyebanjo, M, Adesoji C. Ologbon, Omolara M. Dada Effect of Land Fragmentation and Socioeconomic Factors on Food Crop Productivity in Ogun State, Nigeria Euro-economical Issue 1(42)/2023 156-163
Phan, N.T, Lee, J.Y., Kien, N.D. (2022). The Impact of Land Fragmentation in Rice Production on Household Food Insecurity in Vietnam. Sustainability 2022, 14, 11162. https://doi.org/10.3390/ su141811162
Rakhshanda, K.. M, Sohail, A. M, Raza. U, Aqeela, Saghir; Sohaib, Usman and Tahira, Sadaf (2020). Empirical Investigation of Impact of Land Fragmentation on Crop Productivity in Punjab, Pakistan, 36(1), pp. 217- 223.
Simmons, A. J. (1964). An Index of Farm Structure, with a Nottinghamshire Example. East Midlands Geogr. 3, pp. 255-261.
Singh, K. (2018). Land fragmentation, household characteristics, and agricultural productivity. Tran, T. Q. and Van Vu, H. (2019). Land fragmentation and household income: First evidence
from rural Vietnam. Land use policy, 89, 104247.
UN Women (2020). Women's Land Rights and Gender Equality. United Nations Entity for
Gender.
World Bank, FAO, and IFAD, (2009). Gender in Agriculture. Agriculture and Rural Development.
Source book. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank. The World Bank. FAO.IFAD.