https://www.journalssr.com/index.php/ssr <p><strong><em>Sustainability Science and Resources</em></strong> (ISSN 2809-6029) is an open access, peer-reviewed, journal published by the Indonesian Forestry Certification Cooperation (IFCC) in collaboration with Millennium Resource Alternatives (MRA) LLC and Sustainable Development Indonesia (SDI). Published biannually as April-September and October-March editions, the journal aims to provide a scholarly forum for the dissemination and exchange of research and developments in biological, physical, and social sciences pertinent to sustainability and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It encourages an interdisciplinary approach to sciences that advances our understanding of the complex interaction between human and natural resources affecting the earth’s life support systems. It also promotes academic, policy, and practical work addressing the dynamic equilibrium of the economic, environmental, and social pillars of sustainability. The journal publishes original research, reviews, and commentaries.</p> <p>We are pleased to announce that SSR Journal has been officially integrated into the <em><strong>International System for Agricultural Science and Technology (AGRIS)</strong></em> — a flagship initiative of the <em><strong>Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations</strong></em>.</p> The Indonesian Forestry Certification Cooperation en-US Sustainability Science and Resources 2809-6029 https://www.journalssr.com/index.php/ssr/article/view/75 <p><strong><em>Garcinia afzelii</em></strong><em>, </em>a valuable non-timber forest product (NTFP), is utilised for its edible seeds, chewing sticks, and medicinal properties. However, its survival is threatened by overharvesting, slow growth, and limited natural regeneration, warranting its classification as vulnerable. To mitigate these risks, conservation efforts, including propagation, are essential. This study aimed to develop a vegetative propagation protocol for&nbsp;<em>G. afzelii</em>&nbsp;using stem cuttings treated with varying concentrations of Indole-3-Butyric Acid (IBA), hypothesising that IBA would improve rooting success. Seedlings were cultivated for 12 months in a nursery, after which semi-hardwood stem cuttings were treated with IBA concentrations of 0.0% (control), 0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.8%. These cuttings were propagated in non-mist propagators using river sand as the growth medium, arranged in a Completely Randomised Design (CRD) with five replications per treatment (10 cuttings each). Results indicated that IBA significantly (P&nbsp;≤ 0.05) enhanced root development, with the 0.8% IBA treatment yielding the longest roots (9.19 cm vs. 6.00 cm in control) and the highest number of lateral roots (59.31 cm vs. 39.46 cm in control). Although the untreated cuttings produced a higher number of roots, they accounted for only 27.90% of root formation, while the three IBA-treated cuttings contributed 72.10%. Conversely, the control cuttings recorded a higher survival rate (80.00%) than the IBA (70.00%). IBA-treated <em>G. afzelii</em> stem cuttings achieved a 62.10% shoot development rate, compared to 37.90% in the untreated cuttings. These findings suggest that IBA promotes shoot and root formation, making it an effective protocol for mass propagation. Thus, IBA application in stem-cutting propagation could optimise root establishment and resource mobilisation, supporting the conservation and cultivation of<em>&nbsp;G. afzelii.</em></p> Anthony Antwi-Wiredu John Kobina Mensah Ebenezer Ofori Padmore Boateng-Ansah Naomi Adoma Fosu Joseph Mireku Asomaning Copyright (c) 2025 Sustainability Science and Resources https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-11-10 2025-11-10 9 1 17 10.55168/ssr2809-6029.2025.9001 https://www.journalssr.com/index.php/ssr/article/view/79 <p>Land fragmentation is still incessant among smallholder farmers in Nigeria and its unwarranted practice creates a gap in cropland productivity. Perhaps, the issue of gender inequality instigates fragmentation of agricultural lands as against land consolidation policy, its considerably a further research concern. In view of this, the current research investigates the gendered effect of land fragmentation among farming households in Saki-East Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria. Primary data were collected from 110 farmers consisted of 55 each of men and women respondents with designed questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, Simpson index and fractional logit regression were analytical techniques.</p> <p>The analysis showed that the mean age was 52.85 and 49.65years, the farm experience of 22.13 and 17.89 years and on-farm income of N5405000 and N1264619 for both sexes respectively. The spatial farm distance was found to be 5.09 and 4.49km², while farm size cultivated was 4.29 and 2.14 hectares on the average for male and female rural households. Majority of men acquired farms through rented land while most women relied on inherited lands for farming. A Simpson index of 0.332 and 0.446 derived from men and women data respectively explained the extent of land fragmentation within farming households.</p> <p>Fractional logit regression revealed that land fragmentation is exogenously determined by on-farm income, cost of land preparation, land rent, land tenure security and the location of farm sites in case of males. However, only cost of land preparation and land rented significantly driven fragmentation of agricultural land among female counterparts. Also, the statistical t-test signified a variance in means between the two groups. It was recommended that the investments on land should be incentives for smallholder farmers to lessen fragmentation of holdings and also land tenure patterns should be reformed for aggregation of all small parcels into a large holding as well as a productive land use.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</p> Muibat Omolara Ganiyu Copyright (c) 2025 Sustainability Science and Resources https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-12-03 2025-12-03 9 18 38 10.55168/ssr2809-6029.2025.9002